A 132 kV outdoor Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) is a type of electrical substation designed to operate at a voltage level of 132 kilovolts (kV) using a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) system. Here's an overview of the substation and its ancillary equipment:
Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS):
- The heart of the outdoor GIS substation is the GIS, which consists of high-voltage circuit breakers, disconnect switches, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, and associated control and protection equipment.
- GIS utilizes sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as the insulating and arc-extinguishing medium, housed in sealed metal enclosures to provide a compact and maintenance-free solution for high-voltage applications.
- The GIS allows for the efficient and reliable distribution and control of electrical power, with reduced space requirements compared to traditional air-insulated substations.
Transformer:
- Transformers step up or step down the voltage levels as required by the grid. In a 132 kV outdoor GIS substation, transformers typically step down the voltage from the transmission level (132 kV) to the distribution level (33 kV or lower) for further distribution to consumers.
- Transformers may be conventional oil-immersed transformers or more modern gas-insulated transformers (GIT) integrated within the GIS system for space-saving and enhanced performance.
Busbars and Disconnectors:
- Busbars are conductors that connect various components of the substation, facilitating the transfer of electrical power. In GIS substations, busbars are typically enclosed within the GIS modules to minimize the risk of electrical faults.
- Disconnectors provide isolation and disconnection of circuit sections for maintenance purposes or in the event of a fault. They are integrated into the GIS system and operated remotely from the control room.
Earthing System:
- The earthing system ensures the safety of personnel and equipment by providing a low-resistance path for fault currents to dissipate into the ground. It typically includes earthing electrodes, conductors, connections, and earth pits strategically located within the substation area.
Ancillary Equipment:
- Lightning Arresters: Installed to protect equipment from lightning-induced overvoltages, lightning arresters divert excessive surge currents to the ground, safeguarding the substation equipment.
- Surge Arresters: Protect sensitive equipment from switching surges and transient overvoltages, preventing insulation breakdown and equipment damage.
- Control and Monitoring Systems: Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, relay protection systems, and other monitoring devices enable remote operation, real-time monitoring, and fault diagnosis of the substation equipment.
- Fire Suppression Systems: Fire detection and suppression systems are installed to mitigate the risk of fire and protect the substation equipment in case of emergencies.
- Security Systems: Perimeter fencing, access control, surveillance cameras, and intrusion detection systems enhance the security of the substation premises, preventing unauthorized access and vandalism.
Overall, a 132 kV outdoor GIS substation, equipped with ancillary equipment, provides a reliable and efficient solution for transmitting and distributing electrical power, with enhanced safety features and reduced environmental impact compared to conventional substations.
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