Table of contents
Introduction
Voltage & Current Relations for Different Electric Elements
What is Power Factor?
Introduction
Power Factor Definition.
Power Triangle
What we will learn:
Why apply Power Factor Correction?
1. Reduction of apparent power demand
2. Line current reduction
3. Voltage rise
4. Gaining active power
5. Power losses reduction
Practical effect of power factor correction capacitors
Capacitors in the electric circuits
Capacitors in the electric circuits
1. Normal circuit (not compensated)
2. Parallel capacitor compensated circuit
3. Series capacitor compensated circuit
4. Affect of Parallel capacitor modified circuit
Calculation of the Required Reactive Power Compensation
Optimal Capacitor bank location
Automatic capacitor control system (ACCS)
Automatic capacitor control system (ACCS) operational logic
Automatic capacitor control system (ACCS) inputs & outputs
Capacitor bank protection
SEC Specifications for capacitor protection & control
Capacitor Fusing
Capacitor Unbalance Protection Schemes
Case study: capacitor wrong tripping analysis
References.
What is Power Factor?
Introduction:
Most plant loads are Inductive and require a magnetic field to
operate: **Motors **Transformer **Florescent lighting
The magnetic field is necessary, but produces no useful work
The utility must supply the reactive power "Q" to produce the
magnetic field and the active power "P" to produce the useful
work. You pay for all of it.
You pay for "P" in the form of power consumption.
You pay for "Q" in the form of low power factor penalty.
These two types of current are the active and reactive
components
Power Factor Definition
The power factor of a load is given by ratio of the active power to
the apparent power of this load .i.e. KW divided by KVA at any
given particular moment.
What we will learn:
Most industrial loads require both real power and reactive
power to produce useful work.
You pay for BOTH types of power (active power as power
consumption & apparent power as low power factor penalty).
See examples 1 &2.
Capacitors can supply the REACTIVE power thus the utility
does not need to supply it.
Capacitors save your money!
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