RVPN has been dedicated to provide the pathway for power in Rajasthan. It owns, builds, maintains and operates the high-voltage electric transmission system that helps to keep the lights on, businesses running and communities strong, RVPN is operating and maintaining about 34688 ckm of transmission lines all over Rajasthan with a total installed transformation capacity of about 69456 MVA distributed in about 523 sub-stations.As operating and maintaining such a vast EHV Transmission network is a complex process, it is of utmost importance that a documented Operations and Maintenance Manual is prepared and published to ensure standardization or processes, safety of equipment and manpower.There have been significant changes in the methods used for project management, quality audit, operation, maintenance and construction activities over the years and a genuine requirement of revised Operation and Maintenance Manual, tailored to today's needs was felt essential, which I am sure, is getting fulfilled by this edition .
I would like to commend the whole team for the painstaking efforts put in to bring out this detailed Operations and Maintenance Manual for Sub- Station and Transmission Lines. It incorporates the lessons learnt over years of experience and the best practices prevalent in leading STUs of the nation.Implementation of this Manual will benefit RVPN in terms of improved system availability and reliability, enhanced grid discipline, regulatory and commercial orientation. I hope that the Manual will be of immense use to various wings of RVPN.
I earnestly request your co-operation in following the Manual in letter and spirit and play a meaningful role in realizing our company's vision of providing reliable power transmission service to all stakeholders.
CHAPTER-1 1.1
GENERAL
Preamble
This manual has been prepared to help the GSS / Shift Incharge to perform their duties which primarily involve operation and maintenance of Grid Sub-Stations and the EHV Transmission lines associated with the GSS. The GSS / Shift incharge are expected to go through the manual and follow it. Based on their experience they can always send suggestions which can be incorporated in the manual from time to time. The main duties and responsibilities of a shift engineer/ In-charge are explained below: 1.1.1 Whenever an engineer is posted for the first time in an EHV GSS duty, he should be given some time to go through the operation and maintenance instructions of the GSS specially safety instructions and knowledge of the safety equipments and other equipments like circuit breaker, transformer, DC system etc.
1.1.2 SHIFT INCHARGE:
The Shift In-charge should be trained by the In-charge of sub-station, so that they learn thoroughly about the above item and are in a position to prevent, as far as possible, any outages of supply, break down of plants and equipments, and to restore service quickly and correctly in the event of occurrence of such outages or break downs. The Shift Engineer should be trained in such a way that his conceptions are quite clear and that he may carryout operations calmly and quickly in sudden emergencies without loosing patience, i.e. he should be quite confident of the operation which he is going to initiate. The Executive Engineers, during their periodical inspections, should examine the shift in-charge to ensure that they are well trained and fit to take independent charge of the station. The Superintending Engineers and Executive Engineers should periodically conduct mock drills for firefighting and break down and also hold safety classes. All the workers and operators should also be conversant with the safety regulations to be followed in the handling and operation of plants and equipments in their charge.
A) i. a) b) c) d) ii) General important instructions for GSS / shift In-charge. First of all the in-charge has to get him well acquainted with the technical details of each and every equipment which he is supposed to operate and maintain. The detailed electrical lay out and wiring of the Station, equipment and the operating facilities of the system to which the station can be connected. The operation & working of the machinery and equipment in the station. The limitation with regard to load, voltage etc., and the equipments under his charge. Approved instructions for routine and emergency operations. The In-charge should thoroughly go through the safety instructions published by RVPN.
An Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual for a substation and power lines is a comprehensive document that provides essential information and guidelines for the operation and upkeep of these critical components of an electrical power system. Here's an overview of what such a manual typically covers:
Introduction: The manual starts with an introduction, outlining its purpose, scope, and the intended audience. It may also provide a brief overview of the substation and power lines being discussed.
Safety Procedures: Safety is paramount in the operation and maintenance of electrical substations and power lines. The manual should detail safety procedures, including personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements, hazard identification, and emergency response protocols.
System Description: This section provides an in-depth description of the substation and power lines, including equipment layout, capacities, and key components. It might include schematics, diagrams, and photographs.
Operating Procedures: The manual will outline step-by-step procedures for starting, operating, and shutting down the substation and power lines. This section covers normal operating conditions and any specific operational considerations.
Maintenance Guidelines: Maintenance procedures are crucial for ensuring the longevity and reliability of the substation and power lines. The manual should describe routine maintenance tasks, schedules, and the recommended tools and spare parts.
Troubleshooting and Fault Handling: Inevitably, issues and faults may arise. This section provides guidance on identifying, diagnosing, and resolving common problems in the substation and power lines.
Testing and Inspection: Regular testing and inspection are essential for maintaining the quality of the equipment. The manual should include instructions for conducting tests and inspections, as well as the frequency of these activities.
Environmental Considerations: If the substation and power lines have potential environmental impacts, such as oil-filled equipment or habitat considerations, guidelines for environmentally responsible operation and maintenance should be included.
Regulatory Compliance: Different regions may have specific regulations and standards related to electrical substations and power lines. The manual should address compliance with these regulations and provide references to relevant standards.
Emergency Response: This section covers how to respond to critical situations, such as electrical outages, equipment failures, or safety incidents. It should detail emergency contact information and procedures.
Record Keeping: Keeping accurate records of operations, maintenance activities, and inspections is crucial for accountability and compliance. The manual may provide templates or guidelines for record-keeping.
Appendices: Additional resources, such as technical specifications, drawings, and reference materials, can be included in the appendices.
Glossary: A glossary of technical terms and acronyms is often helpful to ensure that all users understand the terminology used in the manual.
The O&M Manual for a substation and power lines is a vital document for power utility companies and their employees. It not only serves as a training tool for personnel but also as a reference guide for day-to-day operations and maintenance, contributing to the safety and reliability of the electrical grid.
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual for Substation and Transmission Lines
The Operation and Maintenance Manual for Substations and Lines serves as a comprehensive guide for the efficient and safe operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of electrical substations and transmission lines. This handbook is essential for utility companies, engineers, and maintenance personnel to ensure the reliability and longevity of power systems. Below is a detailed outline of the contents and best practices included in such a manual.
1. Objectives of the O&M Manual
- Safety: Establish protocols to protect personnel, equipment, and the environment.
- Reliability: Ensure consistent and uninterrupted power delivery.
- Efficiency: Optimize performance and reduce operational costs.
- Compliance: Adhere to industry standards, regulations, and codes.
- Preventive Maintenance: Minimize failures through regular inspections and testing.
2. Components of the O&M Manual
A. General Information
- Overview of the substation and line infrastructure.
- Equipment specifications, ratings, and layout diagrams.
- Operating principles of key components.
- Contact details for emergency services and support teams.
B. Substation Operation
Switchgear Operation:
- Procedures for switching circuits on and off.
- Safety precautions during operation.
- Interlocking mechanisms to prevent maloperations.
Transformer Operation:
- Guidelines for energizing and de-energizing transformers.
- Monitoring parameters like oil temperature, load, and voltage levels.
SCADA and Automation:
- Usage instructions for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.
- Real-time monitoring and remote control of substation equipment.
Emergency Procedures:
- Steps for isolating faults and restoring power.
- Response to transformer failures, fire, or overvoltage incidents.
C. Transmission Line Operation
Line Energization and De-Energization:
- Safe procedures for connecting and disconnecting lines.
- Coordination with load dispatch centers.
Monitoring:
- Real-time tracking of line current, voltage, and power factor.
- Detection of abnormal conditions such as sag or high temperature.
Emergency Handling:
- Isolation of faulted lines.
- Coordination for repair and restoration.
D. Maintenance Practices
Substation Maintenance
Transformers:
- Oil testing for dielectric strength and moisture content.
- Checking bushings, tap changers, and cooling systems.
Switchgear:
- Cleaning and lubrication of moving parts.
- Testing circuit breakers and relays.
Busbars and Conductors:
- Inspecting for corrosion, overheating, and loose connections.
Grounding Systems:
- Measuring ground resistance and ensuring proper bonding.
Protection Systems:
- Periodic testing of relays, CTs (Current Transformers), and PTs (Potential Transformers).
Transmission Line Maintenance
Visual Inspections:
- Regular patrols to identify broken insulators, damaged conductors, or sagging lines.
Thermal Imaging:
- Detecting hotspots in conductors and connectors.
Vegetation Management:
- Clearing trees and shrubs to maintain clearance from lines.
Tower Inspections:
- Checking for corrosion, loose bolts, and foundation stability.
Conductor Testing:
- Measuring resistance and inspecting for wear and tear.
E. Testing Procedures
Routine Testing:
- Insulation resistance testing for cables and transformers.
- Grounding system testing for substations and towers.
Diagnostic Testing:
- SF6 gas analysis for gas-insulated switchgear.
- DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) for transformers.
Performance Testing:
- Power flow and fault analysis during normal and abnormal conditions.
F. Troubleshooting
Substation Faults:
- Identifying transformer overheating, circuit breaker tripping, and relay malfunctions.
- Procedures for rectifying voltage and frequency fluctuations.
Transmission Line Faults:
- Pinpointing faults using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) or Fault Passage Indicators (FPIs).
- Steps to repair broken conductors or damaged towers.
G. Safety Protocols
Personnel Safety:
- Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
- Adhering to Lockout-Tagout (LOTO) procedures.
Equipment Safety:
- Grounding and earthing before maintenance.
- Safe handling of high-voltage equipment.
Environmental Safety:
- Proper disposal of oil and hazardous materials.
- Minimizing noise and electromagnetic interference.
3. Maintenance Schedules
- Daily: Visual inspections and basic equipment checks.
- Monthly: Cleaning, lubrication, and minor testing.
- Quarterly: Detailed inspections and functional testing.
- Annually: Comprehensive testing and major overhauls.
4. Record Keeping
- Maintenance logs for each piece of equipment.
- Fault reports and rectification actions.
- Test results and calibration certificates.
- Inventory of spare parts and tools.
5. Standards and Guidelines
- IEEE Standards: Guidelines for operation and maintenance practices.
- IEC Standards: International standards for electrical systems.
- Local Regulations: Compliance with national codes and environmental laws.
6. Appendices
- Equipment data sheets and manuals.
- Single-line diagrams (SLDs) and layouts.
- Contact lists for emergency and technical support.
Conclusion
The O&M Manual for Substations and Lines is a vital document that ensures the smooth functioning of power systems. It helps in minimizing downtime, enhancing safety, and maintaining compliance with standards. By adhering to the guidelines provided in the manual, utilities can achieve long-term reliability and efficiency in their operations.
