Abstract:
The IEEE Emerald Book™ presents a collection of consensus best practices for the
powering and grounding of electronic equipment used in commercial and industrial applications.
The main objective is to provide consensus recommended practices in an area where conflicting information and conflicting design philosophies have dominated. The recommended practices described are intended to enhance equipment performance while maintaining a safe installation. A
description of the nature and origin of power disturbances is provided, followed by theory on the various parameters that impact power quality. Information on quantifying and resolving power and grounding related concerns using measurement and diagnostic instrumentation and standardized
investigative procedures are included. Recommended power protection equipment and wiring and grounding system design practices are presented. Information on telecommunications system power protection as well as grounding, industrial system grounding, and noise control is included.
Finally a selection of case studies are presented to support the recommended practices presented throughout the book.
Keywords: commercial applications, electrical power, electronic equipment, grounding, industrial applications, power conditioning, power disturbance, power monitor, power quality
Contents
Chapter 1
Overview.
1.1 Scope.
1.2 Purpose
Background
1.4 Text organization
1.5 Bibliography
Chapter 2
Definitions
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Alphabetical listing of terms
2.3 Words avoided
2.4 Acronyms and abbreviations
2.5 Normative references
2.6 Bibliography
Chapter 3
General needs guidelines
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Power quality considerations
3.3 Grounding considerations
3.4 Protection of susceptible equipment
3.5 Information technology equipment (ITE)
3.6 Shielded, filtered, enclosed EMI/EMC areas
3.7 Safety systems
3.8 Coordination with other codes, standards, and agencies
3.9 Normative references
3.10 Bibliography
Chapter 4
Fundamentals
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electric power supplier’s distribution system voltage disturbances
4.3 Voltage disturbances—subtractive
4.4 Voltage surges and interference—Additive
4.5 Steady-state voltage/current wave shape distortion
4.6 High- and low-frequency regimes defined
4.7 Impedance considerations
4.8 Grounding subsystems
4.9 Shielding concepts
4.10 Surge protective devices .
4.11 Normative references...
4.12 Bibliography
Chapter 5
Instrumentation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Range of available instrumentation
5.3 Voltage and current measurements
5.4 Descriptions of site survey tools
5.5 Measurement considerations
5.6 Normative references
5.7 Bibliography
Chapter 6
Site surveys and site power analyses
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Objectives and approaches.
6.3 Coordinating involved parties
6.4 Conducting a site survey.
6.5 Harmonic current and voltage measurements
6.6 Applying data to select cost-effective solutions
6.7 Long-term power monitoring
6.8 Conclusions
6.9 Normative references
6.10 Bibliography
Chapter 7
Specification and selection of equipment and materials
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Commonly used power correction devices
7.3 Equipment specifications
7.4 Procurement specifications
7.5 Verification testing
7.6 Equipment maintenance
7.7 Bibliography
Chapter 8
Recommended design/installation practices
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Equipment room wiring and grounding
8.3 Electrical power system selection considerations
8.4 Equipment selection and installation considerations
8.5 Grounding considerations
8.6 Lightning/surge protection considerations
8.7 380 Hz to 480 Hz systems
8.8 Normative references
8.9 Bibliography
Chapter 9
Telecommunications, information technology, and distributed computing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Vulnerability concerns vs. immunity
9.3 Environmental exposure
9.4 Industry guidelines
9.5 General compliance
9.6 Principles for establishing recommended practices
9.7 General considerations
9.8 Powering
9.9 Grounding and bonding
9.10 Evaluations and audits
9.11 Normative references
9.12 Bibliography
Annex 9A (normative) General
Annex 9B (normative) Nomenclature
Annex 9C (informative) List of telecommunications-related industry guidelines
Annex 9D (informative) Trends and changing responsibilities
Annex 9E (informative) Background on telecommunications
Annex 9F (normative) Industry-described telecommunications surge environment
Annex 9G (informative) Impact of technology convergence on ac and dc powering
Annex 9H (informative) Factors in selecting large-scale ac and dc power
Annex 9I (informative) Highlights of ANSI T1.311 requirements for dc power systems
Annex 9J (informative) Understanding telecommunications circuit protection
Annex 9K (normative) Fundamental concepts on surge protection
Annex 9L (informative) Additional information on surge protection
Chapter 10
Industrial systems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Basic noise control theory
10.3 Method of analysis
10.4 Recommended practices
10.5 Distance, long power cable runs
10.6 Bibliography
Chapter 11
Case histories
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Typical utility-sourced power quality problems
11.3 Premises switching generated surges
11.4 Electronic loads
11.5 Premises-wiring-related problems
11.6 Transient voltage surge suppression network design—primary
and secondary network design572
11.7 Typical radiated EMI problems
11.8 Flicker
11.9 Typical electrical inspection problems
11.10 Typical life-safety system problems
11.11 Typical misapplication of equipment problems
11.12 Normative references
11.13 Bibliography
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Electrical Handbooks