Abstract: This recommended practice serves as an engineering guide for use in electrical design forenergy conservation. It provides a standard design practice to assist engineers in evaluating electrical options from an energy standpoint. It establishes engineering techniques and procedures to allow efficiency
optimization in the design and operation of an electrical system considering all aspects (safety, costs,environment, those occupying the facility, management needs, etc.).
Keywords: break-even analysis; cogeneration; demand control; electrical energy; electric rate structure;energy audit; energy balance; energy conservation program; energy monitoring; energy-rate method;energy savings; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC); levelized cost analysis; life cycle costing
(LCC); lighting; load management; load type; loss evaluation; marginal cost analysis; metering; power bill;process energy; process modification; product energy rate; space conditioning; utility rate structure
Chapter 1 Overview Scope
1.2 General discussion
1.3 Management
1.4 Fuel cost effects on electrical energy
1.5 Periodicals
1.6 Standards and Recommended Practices
1.7 Industry Applications Society (IAS)
1.8 IEEE publications
1.9 Governmental regulatory agencies
1.10 Keeping informed
1.11 Professional activities
1.12 Coordination with other disciplines
1.13 Text organization
Chapter 2 Organizing for energy management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Organizing the program
2.3 Surveying energy uses and losses
2.4 The six equipment audit categories
2.5 Energy conservation opportunities
2.6 Energy monitoring and forecasting
2.7 Employee participation
2.8 Summary
2.9 Bibliography
Chapter 3 Translating energy into cost
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Important concepts in an economic analysis
3.3 Economic models—their applications and limitations
3.4 Time value of money
3.5 Utility rate structures
3.6 Calculating the cost of electricity
3.7 Loss evaluation
3.8 Bibliography
Chapter 4 Load management
4.1 Definition of load management
4.2 Demand control techniques
4.3 Utility monitoring and control system
4.4 HVAC and energy management
4.5 Economic justification for load management systems
4.6 Bibliography
Chapter 5 Energy management for motors, systems, and electrical equipment
5.1 Overview
5.2 Systems and equipment
5.3 Electric motors
5.4 Transformers and reactors
5.5 Capacitors and synchronous machines
5.6 References
5.7 Bibliography.
Annex 5A (Normative) Manufacturing end-use applications of electricity by category and sector,
1990 (billion kWh)
Annex 5B (Informative) Steam generator system description
Annex 5C (Informative) Compressed air systems worksheet (SEC of Victoria [B196])
Annex 5D (Informative) Refrigeration system description
Annex 5E (Informative) Alternating-current single-phase small (fractional-horsepower) motors rated
1/20-1 hp, 250 V or less
Annex 5F (Informative) Typical characteristics and applications of fixed-frequency medium ac polyphase
squirrel-cage induction motors
Annex 5G (Informative) Example of a 300 hp induction motor adjustable frequency drive:
Efficiency vs. frequency
Annex 5H (Informative) Example of a 300 hp induction motor adjustable frequency drive:
Kilowatts vs. frequency
Annex 5I (Informative) Typical range of efficiencies for dry-type transformers: 25–100% load199
Chapter 6 Metering for energy management
6.1 Background
6.2 Relationships between parameters in an electric power system survey
6.3 Units of measure
6.4 Typical cost factors
6.5 Six reasons to meter
6.6 The importance of audits
6.7 Utility meters
6.8 Timing of meter disc for kilowatt measurement
6.9 Demand meters
6.10 Paralleling of current transformers
6.11 Instrument transformer burdens.
6.12 Multitasking solid-state meters
6.13 Metering location vs. requirements
6.14 Metering techniques and practical examples
6.15 Motor power
6.16 Motor surveys
6.17 Performing a motor survey
6.18 Summary
6.19 Bibliography
Chapter 7 Energy management for lighting systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Definitions of basic lighting terms
7.3 Concept of lighting systems
7.4 The task and the working space
7.5 Light sources
7.6 Ballasts
7.7 Luminaires
7.8 Lighting controls
7.9 Optimizing lighting energy
7.10 Power factor and effect of harmonics on power quality
7.11 Interaction of lighting with other building subsystems
7.12 Cost analysis techniques
7.13 Lighting and energy standards
7.14 Bibliography
Chapter 8 Cogeneration
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Forms of cogeneration
8.3 Determining the feasibility of cogeneration
8.4 Electrical interconnection
8.5 References
8.6 Bibliography
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