1. OBJECTIVES
By the end of this presentation, electricians (or future electricians) will be able to interpret
the various representation methods of electrical diagrams, and more specifically they will be able to:
#Use the various types of plans and electrical diagrams correctly
#Associate a set of plans / diagrams to study / troubleshoot an installation
Identify the elements and components in a diagram
#Distinguish diagrams, selecting the right one to use
#Interpret a logic sequence
#Interpret a combinatory sequence
#Define the symbols to be used according to the type of electrical diagram
#Clarify the choice of a symbol on a plan
#Specify why representation standards are used
#Associate a type of standard with a type of symbol
#Observe the symbol system when drawing up electrical plans and diagrams
#Be familiar not only with the "pure" field of electricity, but also associated, related
families such as instrumentation, pneumatics, hydraulics, electronics, systems,
etc.
#Be prepared to train non-electricians in electrical diagram representation
2. INTRODUCTION
There are a number of different options for showing how circuits, networks or electrical
distribution work. In all cases, this will involve an electrical diagram (or plan) using
(standardised!) symbols to represent all or part of the electric installation in question.
This electric installation already exists, or is to be created, so what must it have? A
diagram is needed in order to build, understand, modify and troubleshoot this same installation. But what type of diagram is required? We will look at the main types used
below
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTRIC DIAGRAMS:
Wiring and connection diagram
This shows all the connections existing between the various elements in an
electric installation.
Schematic diagram
To enable the reader to separate and keep track of each step, each level of
successive (sequential) operations from the first action (initiation) to the
"final act".
One-line diagram
Simplification of low and/or high voltage distribution, to provide an "overview" of
the installation.
Block diagram
This is a "simplified" diagram showing the steps or description of an operation if
there is no need to go into detail
Logic diagram:
This is a bit like a block diagram. Often used as a troubleshooting tool showing
the various possible dysfunctions and the "initiatives" to take and the "directives"
to follow according to the different possibilities, occurrences and events in the
course of a sequence.
Earthing diagram
This is a diagram which is very often forgotten after site construction; it shows all
the earth/ground distribution systems with the cabling (buried or not), earthing
pits, earthing connection points on equipment (by number and connection
method). On site it will have an accompanying connection details book.
Other plans/diagrams:
Electricians use industrial programmable logic controllers (PLC). In the
"Automatic controllers" course, we will look at the diagrams for automatic
controllers themselves (ladder diagrams), but before drawing up this (final)
diagram, here we will look at the systems/methods laying the groundwork for
making this automatic controller diagram, i.e.:
Logic diagram: with binary logic, Boolean algebra, Boolean diagrams, Karnaugh
maps, …
GRAFCET (Sequential function chart): with the GRAFCET representation
standards to enable you to follow and interpret a "GRAFCET" diagram. Drawing
up a GRAFCET (in its own right) will be covered in the ‘Automatic controllers’
course in preparation for drawing up a ‘ladder’ diagram’.
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