1. OBJECTIVES
Can explain, by an understanding of the fundamentals, the basic operating and
maintenance principles of the different types of Transformers and Power Transformers
found on an industrial site. It includes the accessories, the electrical protections for the
Power Transformer.
The delegate will be able to:
⭐Explain the fundamental principle of a simple Transformer
⭐Distinguish the different types of Transformers
⭐Describe the operations and principles of protections of a Power Transformer
⭐Explain the choice of a type of Transformer for a specific use
⭐Differentiate the different types of insulation for a Power Transformer
⭐Explain the operation of the different Safety Devices associated with a Power
Transformer.
⭐Acknowledge the purpose of maintenance for Power Transformer
⭐Explain the hazards associated with operation and maintenance of Power
Transformer
1. OBJECTIVES
2. CONSTRUCTION / THEORY
2.1. INTRODUCTION
2.1.1. History of the Transformer
2.1.2. Physical Elements of a Transformer
2.1.2.1. Magnetic Path:
2.1.2.2. Commonly used magnetic core structures
2.1.2.3. Laminated Silicon Iron (Steel) Core
2.1.2.4. Winding
2.1.3. Practical Consideration
2.1.3.1 Limitations
2.1.3.2. Energy Losses
3. ELECTRICAL DEFINITIONS
3.1. TRANSFORMER AND MAGNET FORMULAE’S
3.1.1. Permeability
3.1.2. Magnetising Force
3.1.3. Transformer Sequences of operation
3.2. VOLTAGE RATIO
3.2.1. The transformation ratio
3.2.2. The equal turns ratio
3.2.3. Step down transformer
3.2.4. Step up transformer
3.2.5. Single phase transformer - Polarity
3.3. CURRENT RATIO
3.4. EFFICIENCY
3.5. EXERCICES
4. THE DIFFERENT TRANSFORMERS
4.1. CLASSIFICATION
4.2. AUTOTRANSFORMERS
4.3. POLYPHASE TRANSFORMER
4.4. RESONANT TRANSFORMER
4.5. INSTRUMENT – CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
4.6. INSTRUMENT – VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
4.7. PULSE TRANSFORMERS
4.8. ELECTRONIC TRANSFORMERS
4.8.1. RF Transformers (transmission line transformers)
4.8.2. Baluns
4.8.3. Audio transformers
4.8.4. Speaker transformers
4.8.5. Small Signal transformers
4.8.6. 'Interstage' and coupling transformers
4.9. THE POWER TRANSFORMER
5. THE INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
5.1. GENERALITIES CURRENT AND VOLTAGE
5.1.1. Principle and safety
5.1.2. Connections of Instrument transformers
5.1.3. Types of Instrument Transformer Construction
5.1.4. Equivalent Circuits of Instrument Transformers
5.1.5. Maintenance and Inspection Testing of Insulation
5.2. THE “CT” CURRENT TRANSFORMER
5.2.1. Symbols and Simplified Concepts
5.2.2. Connections of a “CT”
5.2.3. Open-Circuit Voltage in Current Transformers
5.2.4. Choice and Ratio of Current Transformer
5.2.4.1. Example
5.2.4.2. Example
5.2.5. Special CT’s
5.3. THE “PT” POTENTIAL (OR “VT”, VOLTAGE) TRANSFORMER
5.3.1. Symbols and Simplified Concepts
5.3.2. Connections of a “PT”
5.3.3. Choice and Ratio of Voltage Transformers
5.3.3.1. Example
5.3.3.2. Example
5.3.4. Example of applications for three phase control
5.3.4.1. Usual measurement
5.3.4.2. Typical connections of PT's and CT's – 3 phases and neutral
5.3.4.3. Typical connections of PT's and CT's – 3 phases no neutral
5.4. EXERCICES
6. THE POWER TRANSFORMER TECHNOLOGY
6.1. DEFINITION OF OUR SITE NEEDS
6.2. DRY TRANSFORMER
6.3. “WET” POWER TRANSFORMER
7. POWER TRANFORMER CONNECTIONS AND TAPS
7.1. LABELLING
7.2. CONNECTIONS
7.2.1. Delta connection
7.2.2. Star Connection
7.2.3. Calculation of 3 phases transformer voltage ratio
7.2.3.1. Star-star connection
7.2.3.2. Delta - Star connection
7.2.3.3. Star – Delta Connection
7.2.3.4. Special connection, the ‘Z’
7.3. ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT (INDICE HORAIRE)
7.3.1. Winding Determination
7.3.2. The different configurations
7.3.3. Tricks for how to determine angular displacement
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